Education in Germany

Responsibility for German education system lies primarily with the Bundesländer (states) while the federal government only has a minor role. Optional kindergarten education is provided for all children between three and six years old, after which school attendance is compulsory for mostly 11 to 12 years. In the first nine years all students attend school from age six to eighteen or nineteen. The system varies throughout Germany because each Bundesland decides on their own educational policies. Most children, however, first attend Grundschule from age six to nine.

In contrast, secondary education includes four types of schools based on a pupil's ability as determined by teacher recommendations: the Gymnasium includes the most gifted children and prepares students for university studies; the Realschule has a broader range of emphasis for intermediary students; the Hauptschule prepares pupils for vocational education, and the Gesamtschule, or comprehensive school, combines the three approaches. There are also Förderschulen. (schools for the mentally challenged and physically challenged). One in 21 students attends a Förderschule.

 In order to enter higher education, students are required to take the Abitur examination. A special system of apprenticeship called Duale Ausbildung allows pupils in vocational training to learn in a company as well as in a state-run school.